The Development of Factories
One of the most enduring images of the eighteenth and nineteenth century British Industrial Revolution is that of the large factory,filled with workers laboring amid massive machinery driven by either water or steam power.Mechanized factory production evolved out of forms of industry that had emerged only during the early modern period (1500-1750).In the Middle Ages virtually all industry in Europe was undertaken by skilled craftsmen belonging to urban guilds,and these artisans,working either by themselves or with the assistance of apprentices or journeymen,produced everything from candlesticks and hats to oxcarts and beds.During the early modern period the urban craftsman’s shop gave way to two different types of industrial workplaces,the rural cottage and the large handicraft workshop.Both of these served as halfway houses,or transitional stages,to the large factory.
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