The Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect
The atmospheric greenhouse effect is the result of electromagnetic energy from the Sun that is trapped in a planet’s atmosphere. Atmospheric gases freely transmit visible- -short wavelength- solar energy, warming the planet’s surface. The warmed surface tries to radiate the excess energy back into space, but because the planet is much colder than the Sun, it radiates at much longer, infrared (IR) wavelengths. But carbon dioxide and water vapor strongly absorb IR radiation, converting it to thermal (heat) energy. They subsequently re-radiate this thermal energy in all directions; some of the thermal energy continues into space, but much of it returns to the ground. The planetary surface receives thermal energy both from the Sun and from the atmosphere, and consequently it heats up.
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