Paragraph 1：The technological and managerial innovations of Thomas Alva Edison (the inventor of electricity) and the industrial leaders Andrew Carnegie (iron and steel) and John D. Rockefeller (oil) proved readily adaptable throughout United States industry, spurring marvels of productivity. Late-nineteenth-century industrialists often discovered that their factories produced more goods than the market could absorb. This was particular true in two kinds of businesses: those that manufactured devices for individual use, such as sewing machines and farm implements, and those that mass-produced consumer goods, such as matches, flour, soap, canned foods, and pRocessed meats. Not surprisingly, these industries were trailblazers in developing advertising and marketing techniques. Strategies for encouraging consumer demand and for differentiating one product from another were an important component of the American post-Civil War industrial transformation.
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