Murals, Frescoes, and Easel Paintings
Murals are pictures on walls or ceilings that become a part of the building’s architectural decoration. Archaeologists have excavated and saved mural paintings from Pompeii and Herculaneum, cities that were buried by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 C.E. Unfortunately, outdoor painting of any kind has little chance of surviving the effects of the environment for very long Richard Haas’s famous mural Homage to Cincinnatus, which was painted in 1983 and is displayed on the Brotherhood Building in Cincinnati in the United States, has faded considerably. Indoors, where walls can be kept dry, murals have traditionally done much better when they were painted in fresco. The Italian word fresco means “fresh.” Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the sixteenth century, is a perfect example of fresco painting. In true fresco, water-based paints are applied to fresh, wet plaster so that the pigment (color) soaks into the plaster. The paint actually becomes part of the wall. The lime of the plaster, changing to calcium carbonate when it dries, binds the pigments permanently in the wall. The colors are matte, not glossy. They stay bright for hundreds of years, and as long as the wall lasts, the fresco lasts.
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